Administrators must utilize a separate, distinct administrative account when performing administrative activities, accessing database security functions, or accessing security-relevant information within SQL Server.

Overview

Finding ID	Version	Rule ID	IA Controls	Severity
V-41043	SQL2-00-009600	SV-53418r2_rule		Medium

Description
This requirement is intended to limit exposure due to operating from within a privileged account or role. The inclusion of role is intended to address those situations where an access control policy, such as Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), is being implemented and where a change of role provides the same degree of assurance in the change of access authorizations for both the user and all processes acting on behalf of the user as would be provided by a change between a privileged and non-privileged account. To limit exposure when operating from within a privileged account or role, SQL Server does support organizational requirements that users of information system accounts, or roles, with access to an organization-defined list of security functions or security-relevant information, use non-privileged accounts, or roles, when accessing other (non-security) system functions. When privileged activities are not separated from non-privileged activities, SQL Server could be subject to unauthorized changes of settings or data, which a standard user would not normally have access to outside of an authorized maintenance session. Often, administrator accounts have a unique prefix to help with identification. These accounts are located within SQL Server and may only provide access to one database instance or a limited number of database objects.

Description

This requirement is intended to limit exposure due to operating from within a privileged account or role. The inclusion of role is intended to address those situations where an access control policy, such as Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), is being implemented and where a change of role provides the same degree of assurance in the change of access authorizations for both the user and all processes acting on behalf of the user as would be provided by a change between a privileged and non-privileged account. To limit exposure when operating from within a privileged account or role, SQL Server does support organizational requirements that users of information system accounts, or roles, with access to an organization-defined list of security functions or security-relevant information, use non-privileged accounts, or roles, when accessing other (non-security) system functions. When privileged activities are not separated from non-privileged activities, SQL Server could be subject to unauthorized changes of settings or data, which a standard user would not normally have access to outside of an authorized maintenance session. Often, administrator accounts have a unique prefix to help with identification. These accounts are located within SQL Server and may only provide access to one database instance or a limited number of database objects.

STIG	Date
Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Database Instance Security Technical Implementation Guide	2017-12-01

Details

Check Text ( C-47660r2_chk )
Obtain a list of SQL Server DBAs or other administrative accounts. Run the following SQL script to check all users’ permissions: SELECT SP1.[name] AS 'Login', 'Role: ' + SP2.[name] COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT AS 'ServerPermission' FROM sys.server_principals SP1 JOIN sys.server_role_members SRM ON SP1.principal_id = SRM.member_principal_id JOIN sys.server_principals SP2 ON SRM.role_principal_id = SP2.principal_id UNION ALL SELECT SP.[name] AS 'Login' , SPerm.state_desc + ' ' + SPerm.permission_name COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT AS 'ServerPermission' FROM sys.server_principals SP JOIN sys.server_permissions SPerm ON SP.principal_id = SPerm.grantee_principal_id ORDER BY [Login], [ServerPermission] If any DBA or administrative objects are owned by non-DBA or non-administrative accounts, this is a finding. If any DBA or administrator has authorization for non- administrative access to the system for which they are the administrator and they do not have a non-administrator account, this is a finding.

Check Text ( C-47660r2_chk )

Obtain a list of SQL Server DBAs or other administrative accounts. Run the following SQL script to check all users’ permissions:

SELECT SP1.[name] AS 'Login', 'Role: ' + SP2.[name] COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT AS 'ServerPermission'
FROM sys.server_principals SP1
JOIN sys.server_role_members SRM
ON SP1.principal_id = SRM.member_principal_id
JOIN sys.server_principals SP2
ON SRM.role_principal_id = SP2.principal_id
UNION ALL
SELECT SP.[name] AS 'Login' , SPerm.state_desc + ' ' + SPerm.permission_name COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT AS 'ServerPermission'
FROM sys.server_principals SP
JOIN sys.server_permissions SPerm
ON SP.principal_id = SPerm.grantee_principal_id
ORDER BY [Login], [ServerPermission]

If any DBA or administrative objects are owned by non-DBA or non-administrative accounts, this is a finding.

If any DBA or administrator has authorization for non- administrative access to the system for which they are the administrator and they do not have a non-administrator account, this is a finding.

Fix Text (F-46342r2_fix)
Remove DBA privileges and privileges to administer owned objects that are assigned to the administrator's non-DBA account. Remove the permission access from the account that has direct access by running the following script: USE master REVOKE <'server privilege name'> TO <'account name'> GO Remove the user account from the role's Member list where the account is not authorized for specified permission by running the following script: USE master ALTER SERVER ROLE [<'server role name'>] DROP MEMBER <'user name'> GO Provide administrators with separate accounts for administration and regular accounts for non-administrator activity.

Fix Text (F-46342r2_fix)

Remove DBA privileges and privileges to administer owned objects that are assigned to the administrator's non-DBA account.
Remove the permission access from the account that has direct access by running the following script:
USE master
REVOKE <'server privilege name'> TO <'account name'>
GO

Remove the user account from the role's Member list where the account is not authorized for specified permission by running the following script:
USE master
ALTER SERVER ROLE [<'server role name'>] DROP MEMBER <'user name'>
GO

Provide administrators with separate accounts for administration and regular accounts for non-administrator activity.